High-Level Renewable Energy Integrated System Frequency Control with SMES-Based Optimized Fractional Order Controller

The high-level penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) is the main reason for shifting conventional centralized power system control paradigm into distributed control. This massive integration RESs faces two problems: complex controller structure and reduced inertia. Since frequency stability directly linked to system’s total inertia, integrated badly affected. Thus, a fractional order (FOC)-based superconducting magnetic storage (SMES) proposed in this work. detailed modeling SMES, FOC, wind, solar systems, along with network, introduced facilitate analysis. FOC-based SMES virtually augments inertia stabilize generation load mismatches. tuning FOC parameters challenging due nonlinearities, whale optimization algorithm (WOA) used optimize parameters. optimized tested under fluctuating wind powers. extensive simulations are carried out using MATLAB Simulink environment considering different scenarios, such as light high profile variations, multiple It observed that improves several performance indices, settling time, overshoot, undershoot compared technique.